Substituted pyrazino[2,3-d]isooxazoles as intermediates for the synthesis of substituted pyrazinecarboxamides

ABSTRACT

The object of the present invention is to provide a compound which is useful as a production intermediate of pyrazine carboxamide derivative such as 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazine carboxamide. The present invention provides a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivative represented by the formula (I): 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein X represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a sulfamoyloxy group, and Y represents —C(═O)R or —CN; wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group an aryloxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl group or an amino group.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO THE RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/886,483,filed May 3, 2013, which is a Continuation Application ofPCT/JP2011/076029, filed on Nov. 11, 2011, which is based on and claimspriority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application Nos.2010-253414 filed on Nov. 12, 2010, 2010-256510 filed on Nov. 17, 2010,and 2011-025760 filed on Feb. 9, 2011. The entire disclosures of theprior applications are considered part of the disclosure of theaccompanying divisional application, and are hereby incorporated byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivativethat is useful as a production intermediate or the like of6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazine carboxamide (hereinafter referred to as“T-705”) useful for treatment such as prevention and therapy ofinfluenza virus infection, and a method for producing the same. Inaddition, the present invention relates to a method for producing apyrazinecarbonitrile derivative and a pyrazinecarboxamide derivativeusing the pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivative.

2. Background Art

T-705 is a compound useful for the prevention, treatment and the like ofvirus infection, and particularly, influenza virus infection. It hasbeen known that T-705 is produced from, for example,6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile (hereinafter referred to asT-705A) (Patent Documents 1 and 2). Patent Document 2 describes thatT-705A can be efficiently isolated in the form of salts with variousamines.

Examples of a known production method of T-705A includes: (1) a methodcomprising allowing 3,6-difluoro-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile to react withbenzyl alcohol and then debenzylating the reaction product; (2) a methodcomprising allowing 3,6-difluoro-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile to react withwater; and (3) a method comprising allowing3,6-difluoro-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile to react with carboxylate and thengenerating T-705A by hydrolysis (Patent Documents 1 and 2).

However, since 3,6-difluoro-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile has high skinirritancy, and easily vaporizes due to low-molecular-weight liquid, ithas had a manufacturing problem in that it requires special equipmentand careful handling.

Moreover, with regard to the synthesis of pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazolehaving a carbonyl group at position 3, examples described in Non-PatentDocuments 1 and 2 have been known. However, the pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazoleof the present invention cannot be synthesized by such syntheticmethods.

PRIOR ART DOCUMENTS Patent Documents

-   Patent Document 1: International Publication WO01/60834-   Patent Document 2: International Publication WO09/41473

Non Patent Documents

-   Non Patent Document 1: Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1972, Vol. 37,    #15, pp. 2498-2502-   Non Patent Document 2: Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1988, Vol. 53,    #9, pp. 2052-2055

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Object to be Solved by the Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a productionintermediate of T-705 and a method for producing the same, whichprovides high safety and ease in handling, and to further provide amethod for safely and easily producing T-705 and the like.

Means for Solving the Object

Thus, the present invention provides the following [1] to [15]. [1] Apyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivative represented by the following formula(I):

[Chem.1]

wherein X represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a sulfamoyloxygroup, and Y represents —C(═O)R or —CN; wherein R represents a hydrogenatom, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl groupor an amino group; wherein the sulfamoyloxy group, alkoxy group, aryloxygroup, alkyl group, aryl group and amino group may be optionallysubstituted.[2] The pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivative according to [1], wherein Yrepresents —C(═O)R where R represents an alkoxy group or an amino group,and the alkoxy group and amino group may be optionally substituted.[3] The pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivative according to [1] or [2],wherein X represents a hydroxyl group, a chlorine atom or a fluorineatom.[4] The pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivative according to [1], wherein Xrepresents a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and Y represents —C(═O)Rwhere R represents an optionally substituted alkoxy group.[5] The pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivative according to [1], wherein Xrepresents a fluorine atom or a chlorine atom, and Y represents —C(═O)Rwhere R represents a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group,an isopropoxy group, or an n-butoxy group.[6] A method for producing a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivativerepresented by the following formula (I-1):

[Chem.3]

wherein Y has the same meanings as those described below,which comprises treating with an acid an isoxazole derivativerepresented by the following formula (II):

[Chem.2]

wherein Y represents —C(═O)R or —CN; where R represents a hydrogen atom,an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl group or anamino group; and R¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group;wherein the alkoxy group, aryloxy group, alkyl group, aryl group andamino group may be optionally substituted.[7] A method for producing a pyrazinecarbonitrile derivative representedby the following formula (III):

[Chem.5]

wherein X has the same meanings as those described below,which comprises treating with a base a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazolederivative represented by the following formula (I):

[Chem.4]

wherein X represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a sulfamoyloxygroup, and Y represents —C(═O)R or —CN; where R represents a hydrogenatom, an alkoxy group an aryloxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl group oran amino group; wherein the sulfamoyloxy group, alkoxy group, aryloxygroup, alkyl group, aryl group and amino group may be optionallysubstituted.[8] A method for producing a compound represented by the followingformula (IV):

[Chem.8]

wherein X has the same meanings as those described below,which comprisesa step of treating with a base a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivativerepresented by the following formula (I):

[Chem.6]

wherein X represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a sulfamoyloxygroup, and Y represents —C(═O)R or —CN; where R represents a hydrogenatom, an alkoxy group an aryloxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl group oran amino group; wherein the sulfamoyloxy group, alkoxy group, aryloxygroup, alkyl group, aryl group and amino group may be optionallysubstituted,so as to produce a compound represented by the following formula (III):

[Chem.7]

wherein X has the same meanings as describe above, anda step of adding water to the compound represented by the formula (III).[9] The production method according to [7] or [8], wherein X representsa fluorine atom and Y represents —C(═O)R where R represents anoptionally substituted alkoxy group.[10] The production method according to [7] or [8], wherein X representsa fluorine atom and Y represents —C(═O)R where R represents a methoxygroup, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, or ann-butoxy group.[11] A compound represented by the following formula (C-2):

[Chem.9]

wherein R¹ represents an alkyl group, R³ represents —CH₂CN, thefollowing formula (C-2a):

[Chem.10]

or the following formula (C-2b)

[Chem.11]

wherein R represents an alkoxy group, M represents H, Li, K or Na; wherethe alkoxy and alkyl group may be optionally substituted.[12] A method for producing a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivativerepresented by the following formula (J-4):

[Chem.13]

wherein R² has the same meanings as those described below,which comprises allowing a compound represented by the following formula(J-3):

[Chem.12]

wherein R² represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; wherein the alkylgroup and aryl group may be optionally substituted,to react with a chlorinating agent.[13] A method for producing a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivativerepresented by the following formula (J-5):

[Chem.15]

wherein R² represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; wherein the alkylgroup and aryl group may be optionally substituted,which comprises allowing a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivativerepresented by the following formula (J-4):

[Chem.14]

wherein R² represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; wherein the alkylgroup and aryl group may be optionally substituted,to react with a fluorinating agent in the presence of2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene or 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene.[14] A compound represented by the following formula (J-1):

[Chem.16]

wherein R² represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; wherein the alkylgroup and aryl group may be optionally substituted.[15] A compound represented by the following formula (J-2a):

[Chem.17]

wherein R⁴ represents —CH₂COOR², or the following formula (J-2b):

[Chem.18]

wherein R² represents an alkyl group or an aryl group; wherein the alkylgroup and aryl group may be optionally substituted.

The compound of the formula (I-1), the compound of the formula (III),the compound of the formula (IV), the compound of the formula (J-2) andthe compound of the formula (J-3) may exist as tautomer. The presentinvention includes these tautomers. Further, hydrates, solvates and allcrystal forms can be used in the present invention.

Also, the compounds described herein may form a salt.

Salts in such a case may include, for example, commonly known saltsproduced in the basic group such as amino group or produced in theacidic group such as hydroxyl group or carboxyl group.

Salts produced in the basic group may include, for example, saltproduced with mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid,nitric acid, and sulfuric acid; salt with organic carboxylic acid suchas formic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, fumaric acid,maleic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, aspartic acid,trichloroacetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid; and salts with sulfonicacid such as methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid,p-toluenesulfonic acid, mesitylenesulfonic acid and naphthalenesulfonicacid.

Salts produced in the acidic group may include, for example, saltsproduced with alkaline metals such as sodium and potassium; salts withalkaline earth metals such as calcium and magnesium; ammonium salts; andsalts produced with nitrogen-containing organic bases such astrimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, pyridine,N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylmorpholine,diethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, procaine, dibenzylamine,N-benzyl-β-phenethylamine, 1-ephenamine, andN,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine.

Among the aforementioned salts, preferred salts includepharmacologically acceptable salts.

Effect of the Invention

According to the present invention, T-705 and the like can be safely andeasily produced.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

A compound represented by formula (I) will be described.

In the compound represented by formula (I), X represents a halogen atom,a hydroxyl group or a sulfamoyloxy group. When X represents a halogenatom, examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorineatom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom. When X represents asulfamoyloxy group, the nitrogen atom of the sulfamoyloxy group may besubstituted with a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an alkyl group, anaryl group, a heterocyclic group, or an alkylene group with or withoutthe mediation of a heteroatom. The substituent on the nitrogen atomcontains preferably 0 to 10, more preferably 2 to 8, and most preferably2 to 6 carbon atoms. Such a group may further have one or moresubstituents. As such substituents, those listed in a substituent groupA as described later are preferable. Examples of a sulfamoyloxy groupwhich may be optionally substituted include a sulfamoyloxy group, anN,N-dimethylsulfamoyloxy group, an N,N-diethylsulfamoyloxy group, and amorpholinosulfonyloxy group.

X represents preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atomor a hydroxyl group, more preferably a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom ora hydroxyl group, and most preferably a fluorine atom.

Y represents —C(═O)R or —CN. Herein, R represents a hydrogen atom, analkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl group or anamino group. When R represents an alkoxy group, it is preferably alinear, branched or cyclic alkoxy group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms.The alkoxy group contains more preferably 1 to 8, and most preferably 1to 6 carbon atoms. The alkoxy group may further have one or moresubstituents. As such substituents, those listed in the substituentgroup A are preferable. Examples of the alkoxy group which may beoptionally substituted include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, ann-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, a 2-methoxyethoxy group, ann-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, a t-butoxy group, an isoamyloxygroup, an n-amyloxy group, a neopentyloxy group, an n-hexyloxy group, acyclohexyloxy group, a benzyloxy group, and a 2-ethylhexyloxy group.

When R represents an aryloxy group, an aryloxy group containing 6 to 12carbon atoms is preferable, an aryloxy group containing 6 to 10 carbonatoms is more preferable, and an aryloxy group containing 6 to 8 carbonatoms is most preferable. The aryloxy group may further have one or moresubstituents. As such substituents, those listed in the substituentgroup A are preferable. Examples of the aryloxy group which may beoptionally substituted include a phenoxy group, a 4-methoxyphenoxygroup, a 4-dimethylaminophenoxy group, a 3-methylphenoxy group, a2,6-dimethylphenoxy group, and a 4-t-amylphenoxy group.

When R represents an alkyl group, it is preferably a linear, branched orcyclic alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkyl groupcontains more preferably 1 to 8, and most preferably 1 to 6 carbonatoms. The alkyl group may further have one or more substituents. Assuch substituents, those listed in the substituent group A arepreferable. Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethylgroup, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a t-butyl group, anisobutyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a cyclopentylgroup, a cyclohexyl group, and a 1-ethylpropyl group.

When R represents an aryl group, it is preferably an aryl groupcontaining preferably 6 to 12, more preferably 6 to 10, and mostpreferably 6 to 8 carbon atoms. The aryl group may further have one ormore substituents. As such substituents, those listed in the substituentgroup A are preferable. Examples of the aryl group which may beoptionally substituted include a phenyl group, a 4-chlorophenyl group, a4-methoxyphenyl group, a 3,4-dimethylphenyl group, and a 4-fluorophenylgroup.

When R represents an amino group, the amino group may be substitutedwith a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, aheterocyclic group, or an alkylene group with or without the mediationof a heteroatom. The substituent on the amino group contains preferably0 to 10, more preferably 2 to 8, and most preferably 2 to 6 carbonatoms. The substituent may further have one or more substituents. Assuch substituents, those listed in the substituent group A arepreferable. Examples of the amino group which may be optionallysubstituted include an amino group, an N,N-dimethylamino group, anN,N-diethylamino group, an N,N-diisopropylamino group, anN,N-dipropylamino group, a morpholino group, a piperidino group, a4-methylpiperazino group, a pyrrolidino group, and anN-methyl-N-phenylamino group.

Y preferably represents —C(═O)R wherein R is an alkoxy group.

Substituent group A: an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, analkenyl group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl groupcontaining 2 to 10 carbon atom, an alkoxy group containing 1 to 10carbon atoms, an aryloxy group containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, ahalogen atom, an aryl group containing 6 to 10 carbon atoms, a hydroxylgroup, an amino group, an acylamino group containing 1 to 10 carbonatoms, an alkylsulfonylamino group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, acarbamoyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a sulfamoyl groupcontaining 0 to 10 carbon atoms, a carboxyl group, an alkoxycarbonylgroup containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an acyloxy group containing 2 to12 carbon atoms, a heterocyclic group, a cyano group, and a nitro group.

Examples of the alkenyl group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms include avinyl group, an allyl group, a propenyl group, an isopropenyl group, abutenyl group, an isobutenyl group, a 1,3-butadienyl group, a pentenylgroup, a hexenyl group, a heptenyl group, and an octenyl group.

Examples of the alkynyl group containing 2 to 10 carbon atoms include anethynyl group, a propynyl group, a butynyl group, a pentynyl group, ahexynyl group, a heptynyl group, and an octynyl group.

Examples of the acylamino group containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms includean acetylamino group, a propionylamino group, a benzoylamino group, anda naphthoylamino group.

Examples of the alkylsulfonylamino group containing 1 to 10 carbon atomsinclude a methanesulfonylamino group, a benzenesulfonylamino group, anda toluenesulfonylamino group.

Examples of the carbamoyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms includea carbamoyl group, an N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl group, anN,N-diethylcarbamoyl group, and a morpholinocarbonyl group.

Examples of the sulfamoyl group containing 0 to 10 carbon atoms includea sulfamoyl group, an N,N-dimethylsulfamoyl group, anN,N-diethylsulfamoyl group, and a morpholinosulfonyl group.

Examples of the alkoxycarbonyl group containing 2 to 10 carbon atomsinclude a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, ann-propoxycarbonyl group, an isopropoxycarbonyl group, a2-methoxyethoxycarbonyl group, an n-butoxycarbonyl group, anisobutoxycarbonyl group, and a t-butoxycarbonyl group.

Examples of the acyloxy group containing 2 to 12 carbon atoms include anacetyloxy group, a propionyloxy group, a benzoyloxy group, and anaphthoyloxy group.

Examples of the heterocyclic group include a pyrrolyl group, apyrrolinyl group, a pyrrolidinyl group, a piperidinyl group, apiperazinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyridylgroup, a tetrahydropyridyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a pyrazinylgroup, a pyrimidinyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazolinyl group,an imidazolidinyl group, a pyrazolinyl group, a pyrazolidinyl group, afuryl group, a pyranyl group, a thienyl group, an oxazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a morpholinyl group, a thiazolylgroup, an isothiazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, a thiomorpholinylgroup, a thioxanyl group, a pyrrol-1-yl group, a pyrrolin-1-yl group, apyrrolidin-1-yl group, a piperidin-1-yl group, a piperazin-1-yl group,an imidazol-1-yl group, a pyrazol-1-yl group, a tetrazol-1-yl group, animidazolin-1-yl group, an imidazolidin-1-yl group, a pyrazolin-1-ylgroup, a pyrazolidin-1-yl group, a morpholin-4-yl group, athiomorpholin-4-yl group, an indolyl group, an indolinyl group, a2-oxoindolinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolizinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a benzotriazolyl group, an indazolyl group, aquinolyl group, a tetrahydroquinolyl group, a tetrahydroisoquinolinylgroup, a quinolizinyl group, an isoquinolyl group, a phthalazinyl group,a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a dihydroquinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a quinuclidinyl group,a pyrrolopyridyl group, a 2,3-dihydrobenzopyrrolyl group, a benzofuranylgroup, an isobenzofuranyl group, a chromenyl group, a chromanyl group,an isochromanyl group, a benzo-1,3-dioxolyl group, a benzo-1,4-dioxanylgroup, a 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl group, a benzothienyl group, a2,3-dihydrobenzothienyl group, a benzomorpholinyl group, abenzomorpholonyl group, a benzothiazolyl group, a benzothiadiazolylgroup, an indol-1-yl group, an indolin-1-yl group, an isoindol-2-ylgroup, a benzimidazol-1-yl group, a benzotriazol-1-yl group, abenzotriazol-2-yl group, an indazol-1-yl group, a benzomorpholin-4-ylgroup, a thianthrenyl group, a xanthenyl group, a phenoxathiinyl group,a carbazolyl group, a β-carbolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, anacridinyl group, a perimidinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a phenothiazinyl group, and a phenoxazinyl group.

Examples of the alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the alkoxygroup containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, the aryloxy group containing 6 to10 carbon atoms, the halogen atom, the aryl group containing 6 to 10carbon atoms, and the amino group include those described with regard tothe substituent in the descriptions of the formula (I).

The substituents included in the substituent group A may be furthersubstituted with one or more substituents selected from the substituentgroup A.

From the viewpoint of the usefulness of the present compound as aproduction intermediate of T-705A and T-705, it is preferable that, inthe formula (I), X be a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a hydroxylgroup and Y be —C(═O)R wherein R represents an alkoxy group or an aminogroup, wherein the alkoxy group and the amino group may be substituted;it is more preferable that X be a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or ahydroxyl group and Y be —C(═O)R wherein R represents an optionallysubstituted alkoxy group; it is further preferable that X be a fluorineatom and Y be —C(═O)R wherein R represents an optionally substitutedalkoxy group; and it is most preferable that X be a fluorine atom and Ybe —C(═O)R wherein R represents a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, ann-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group or an n-butoxy group.

Next, the compounds represented by formula (II), formula (I-1), formula(III) and formula (IV) will be described.

The definitions and preferred ranges of X and Y in the formula (II),formula (I-1), formula (III) and formula (IV) are the same as thosedescribed for the formula (I).

In the formula (II), R¹ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group,where the alkyl group may be optionally substituted. When R¹ representsan alkyl group, it is preferably a linear, branched or cyclic alkylgroup containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkyl group contains morepreferably 1 to 8, and most preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The alkylgroup may further have one or more substituents. As such substituents,those listed in the substituent group A are preferable. Examples of thealkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group,an isopropyl group, a t-butyl group, an isobutyl group, an n-butylgroup, an n-pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a1-ethylpropyl group. R¹ is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.

The compound represented by the formula (I) and the compound representedby formula (II) can be synthesized by the scheme as described below. Inthe formula as shown below, the definitions and preferred ranges of Rand R¹ are the same as those described for the formula (I) or theformula (II), and M represents H, Li, K or Na.

[Chem.19]

An acetic acid ester (A) is hydrolyzed to obtain a carboxylic acid (B).In this reaction, various types of solvents can be used as solvent. Ingeneral, water, or a mixed solvent of water and an organic solventmiscible with the water, can be used. As bases, various types ofinorganic bases or organic bases can be used. Metal hydroxides, such assodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, arepreferable. A reaction temperature from −20 to 100° C. is preferablyapplied. The reaction temperature is more preferably from 0 to 80° C.

The obtained carboxylic acid (B) is allowed to react withaminoacetonitrile in a basic to neutral range, so as to convert it to anamide (C). Examples of a condensing agent used during this reactioninclude: carbodiimides such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride; activatorssuch as carbonyldiimidazole or N,N′-disuccinimidyl carbonate; andcationic dehydration-condensation agents such as 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide, 2-chloro-1,3-dimethyl imidazolinium chloride orchloro-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl formamidinium hexafluorophosphonate. Also,there can be applied a method comprising allowing the obtained compoundto react with acid halides such as chlorocarbonic ester ormethanesulfonyl chloride to obtain a mixed acid anhydride, and thenallowing it to react with acetonitrile. The reaction temperature isdifferent depending on a condensing agent used. In general, it ispreferably from −20° C. to room temperature. The solvent that can beused herein is not particularly limited so long as it does not affectthe reaction, and examples there include: nitriles such as acetonitrile;aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene or xylene; halogenatedhydrocarbons such as chloroform, methylene chloride or1,2-dichloroethane; amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and N-ethyl pyrrolidone;esters such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate or butyl acetate;sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide; sulfolane; and tetrahydrofuran.These solvents may be used in combination. Also, a reaction is alsopreferably carried out in a two-phase system of an organic solvent andwater.

A condensation reaction from amide (C) to amide (D) can be carried outby reacting the amide (C) with an oxalic diester or the like, usingmetal alkoxide as a base, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran ortoluene. The reaction temperature is preferably from 0 to 60° C., andmore preferably from 10 to 40° C. A reaction product is generallyprecipitated in the form of a salt from the reaction system. This saltmay be collected by filtration and may be then used in the subsequentreaction, or it may be directly used in the subsequent reaction withoutperforming special operations. Otherwise, the filtrated crystal may beneutralized and the obtained product may be then used in the subsequentreaction.

Conversion of amide (D) to isoxazole (formula (II-1)) can be achievedfirstly by reacting amide (D) with hydroxylamine to form an oxime andcarrying out a ring closure reaction thereon with a catalyst such as anacid or a base. As hydroxylamine, any one of an aqueous solution of 50%hydroxylamine, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and hydroxylamine sulfatecan be used. As a solvent, dimethyl sulfoxide, methanol, ethanol, wateror the like is preferably used. The reaction temperature is preferablyfrom 0 to 100° C., and more preferably from room temperature to 80° C.

The compound represented by formula (II-1) is treated with an acid, soas to produce 5-hydroxypyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole (formula (I-1a)).Examples of an acid used herein include: proton acids such as hydrogenchloride, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid,trifluoroacetic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; and Lewis acidssuch as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride or iron chloride. The acidsthat are preferably used herein are proton acids. Of these, hydrogenchloride, sulfuric acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid are more preferable,and p-toluenesulfonic acid is particularly preferable. The amount of theacid used as a catalyst is preferably 0.0001 to 1000 times, morepreferably 0.001 to 100 times, and most preferably 0.01 to 10 times themolar amount of the compound represented by the formula (II-1).

The type of a solvent used herein is not particularly limited, as longas it does not affect the reaction. Examples of the solvent include:nitriles such as acetonitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene,toluene or xylene; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or ethyleneglycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone or 2-butanone; alcoholssuch as methanol, ethanol or 2-propanol; amides such asN,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide; carboxylic acids such asacetic acid, propionic acid or trifluoroacetic acid; esters such asethyl acetate or isopropyl acetate; and sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide. These solvents may be used in combination. Examples of apreferred solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols,carboxylic acids, esters, and sulfoxides. Of these, carboxylic acids,alcohols and esters are more preferable, and acetic acid is furtherpreferable. Such a solvent may also act as an acid catalyst.

The amount of a solvent used is not particularly limited. The solvent isused in an amount of preferably 1 to 50 times (v/w), and more preferably1 to 15 times (v/w) the amount of the compound represented by theformula (II-1).

The reaction temperature is different depending on an acid catalyst anda solvent used. It is preferably 200° C. or lower, and more preferablyfrom 0 to 150° C. The reaction time is not particularly limited. It ispreferably 5 minutes to 50 hours, more preferably 5 minutes to 24 hours,and particularly preferably 5 minutes to 5 hours.

In this reaction, R in the compound of the formula (II-1) isparticularly preferably an alkoxy group.

Conversion of the compound of the formula (I-1a) to5-chloropyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole (formula (I-2)) can be achieved usingvarious types of chlorinating agents, with or without a solvent. Thechlorinating agent can be selected from among phosphoryl chloride,phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus trichloride and the like. When asolvent is used, preferred examples of the solvent includeN,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, acetonitrile, sulfolane,N-methyl pyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, and a mixed solvent thereof. Asnecessary, triethylamine, pyridine, triethylamine hydrochloride and thelike may be added. The reaction temperature is preferably from roomtemperature to 130° C., and in general, it is more preferably from 50 to110° C.

In a reaction of converting the compound of the formula (I-2) to5-fluoropyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole (formula (I-3)), various types offluorinating reagents can be used as fluorinating agents. Preferredexamples of the fluorinating reagent include potassium fluoride, cesiumfluoride, tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride, tetramethylammonium fluoride,and tetraphenylphosphonium fluoride. Of these, potassium fluoride andcesium fluoride are preferable. With regard to potassium fluoride,spray-dried potassium fluoride is particularly preferable. Thefluorinating agent is added in an amount of preferably 1 to 10 times,more preferably 1.1 to 5 times, and most preferably 1.1 to 3 times themolar amount of a reaction substrate. A dehydration fluorinating agentsuch as 2,2-difluoro-1,3-dimethylimidazoline (DFI) or1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-diethylaminopropane (Ishikawa's Reagent), mayalso be added. Preferred examples of a solvent include aprotic solvents,such acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide,sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, N-ethyl pyrrolidoneor tetrahydrofuran. Of these, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetamide, sulfolane and dimethyl sulfoxide are morepreferable, and acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide are further preferable. The amount of a solvent used is notparticularly limited, and is preferably 0.5 to 20 times (v/w), morepreferably 1 to 10 times (v/w), and most preferably 1 to 3 times (v/w)the volume of the compound of the formula (I-2). The upper limit of thereaction temperature is changed depending on the boiling point of asolvent. In general, it is preferably from 0 to 130° C., more preferablyfrom room temperature to 110° C., and most preferably from 50 to 100° C.It is preferable that the concentration of water content in the reactionsystem is low. The concentration of the water content is more preferably0.01 to 1000 ppm, further preferably 0.01 to 500 ppm, and mostpreferably 0.01 to 300 ppm. In order to reduce the water content in thereaction system, various types of dehydration operations may be carriedout before the reaction. For example, it is preferable that afluorinating reagent to be used is dried by heating (80° C. to 500° C.)and vacuum suction (0.001 to 100 torr). Moreover, when a high boilingpoint solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, N-methyl pyrrolidone,N,N-dimethylformamide, etc.) is used, azeotropic dehydration ispreferably carried out using toluene or xylene. Moreover, it is alsopreferable to distill away a high boiling point solvent under reducedpressure, so as to reduce water content in the system. Furthermore, forthe purpose of reducing water content in the system, molecular sieves orthe like can be added. In this operation, molecular sieves, which havebeen dehydrated and dried at a high temperature, are preferable. For thepurpose of promoting the reaction, cationic phase transfer catalystssuch as tetra-n-butylammonium chloride, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide,tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, tetramethylammonium chloride ortrimethylbenzylammonium bromide, and nonionic phase transfer catalystssuch as 18-crown-6, polyethylene glycol 400, polyethylene glycol 1000 ortris(2-(2-methoxyethoxyl)ethyl)amine, can be preferably used. Thereaction time is preferably 5 minutes to 50 hours, more preferably 10minutes to 10 hours, and most preferably 15 minutes to 5 hours.

When a compound of the formula (J-5) is synthesized from a compound ofthe formula (J-4) as described later, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene or2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene is preferably added into the reaction mixture.Using these additives, the amount of black tar component generated as aresult of a fluorination reaction can be reduced, and thus, the qualityof the compound of the formula (J-5), or further, the compound obtainedin the subsequent process, can be improved.

[Chem.20]

2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene or 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene is added in anamount of preferably 0.001 to 10 times, more preferably 0.01 to 1 times,and most preferably 0.01 to 0.2 times the molar amount of the compoundof the formula (J-4).

Further, it is possible to convert the compound of the formula (I-1a) tothe compound of the formula (I-3) without mediating the compound of theformula (I-2) according to a method of allowing2,2-difluoro-1,3-dimethylimidazoline (DFI) on the compound of theformula (I-1a) in acetonitrile.

Still further, it is also possible to convert the compound of theformula (I-1a) to the compound of the formula (I-3) by converting thegroup at position 5 of the compound of the formula (I-1a) to a leavinggroup such as a sulfamoyloxy group according to a method of allowing thecompound of the formula (I-1a) to react with sulfamoyl chloride in thepresence of a base, and then by substituting the group at position 5using potassium fluoride, tetrabutylammonium fluoride or the like as afluorine anion source.

That is to say, a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivative having, atposition 5 thereof, a group substitutable with a fluorine atom or agroup that can be easily induced to such a group, is also important as aproduction intermediate of T-705A.

When Y is —C(═O)R and R is an amino group in the formula (I), thecompound can be synthesized by a method of allowing the compoundrepresented by the formula (I) wherein R is an alkoxy group to reactwith amine. In this reaction, it is preferable to add a suitable base(for example, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, potassiumcarbonate or sodium bicarbonate). The type of a solvent used herein isnot particularly limited, as long as it does not affect the reaction.Examples of the solvent include: nitriles such as acetonitrile; aromatichydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene or xylene; ethers such as dioxane,tetrahydrofuran or ethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such asacetone or 2-butanone; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or 2-propanol;amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide; esterssuch as ethyl acetate or isopropyl acetate; and sulfoxides such asdimethyl sulfoxide. These solvents may be used in combination. Examplesof a preferred solvent include aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols,esters, and sulfoxides. The amount of a solvent used is not particularlylimited. The solvent is used in an amount of preferably 1 to 50 times(v/w), and more preferably 1 to 15 times (v/w) the amount of thecompound of the formula (I). The reaction temperature is preferably 200°C. or lower, and more preferably from 0 to 150° C. The reaction time isnot particularly limited. It is preferably 5 minutes to 50 hours, morepreferably 5 minutes to 24 hours, and particularly preferably 5 minutesto 5 hours.

Among the compounds represented by the formula (I), a compoundrepresented by a formula (J-4) as shown below can be synthesized by thefollowing scheme, for example.

[Chem.21]

In the compounds of the formulae (J-0) to (J-4), R² represents an alkylgroup or an aryl group. The alkyl group and aryl group may be optionallysubstituted. It is to be noted that the same applies to R² in thecompound of the above-described formula (J-5).

When R² represents an alkyl group, it is preferably a linear, branchedor cyclic alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkyl groupcontains more preferably 1 to 8, and most preferably 1 to 6 carbonatoms. The alkyl group may further have substituent(s). As suchsubstituents, those listed in the substituent group A are preferable.Examples of the alkyl group which may be optionally substituted includea methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, a2-methoxyethyl group, a t-butyl group, an isobutyl group, an n-butylgroup, an isoamyl group, n-amyl group, a neopentyl group, an n-hexylgroup, a cyclohexyl group, a benzyl group, and a 2-ethylhexyl group.

When R² represents an aryl group, it is preferably an aryl groupcontaining preferably 6 to 12, more preferably 6 to 10, and mostpreferably 6 to 8 carbon atoms. The aryl group may further havesubstituent(s). As such substituents, those listed in the substituentgroup A are preferable. Examples of the aryl group which may beoptionally substituted include a phenyl group, a 4-methoxyphenyl group,a 4-dimethylamino phenyl group, 3-methylphenyl group, 2,6-dimethylphenylgroup, and a 4-t-aminophenyl group.

In the present invention, R² in the compounds of the formulae (J-0) to(J-4) is preferably an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Amethyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, ann-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a t-butyl groupare particularly preferable.

In the compound of formula (J-3), the hydroxyl group of the oxime mayadopt both anti- and syn-isomer structures. In the present invention, itmay be either one isomer or a mixture thereof.

The compound of the formula (J-0) can be synthesized by a known method.For example, a maleic anhydride is allowed to react with alcohol tosynthesize a maleic monoester, it is then induced to an acid chlorideusing a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride, and the acidchloride is then allowed to react with ammonia, so as to convert it toan amide body. Alternatively, the above-described maleic monoester isallowed to react with, for example, methanesulfonyl chloride orchloroformic ester, so as to induce it to a mixed acid anhydride, andthe mixed acid anhydride is then allowed to react with ammonia, so as toconvert it to an amide body. During these reactions, salts such asammonium carbonate or ammonium acetate may be used in addition toammonia. Moreover, as an alternative method, a maleic anhydride isallowed to react with ammonia to synthesize maleic monoamide, and it isthen allowed to react with alcohol in the presence of an acid catalystsuch as concentrated sulfuric acid to esterify it, so as to obtain thecompound of the formula (J-0).

In the present invention, the compound of the formula (J-0) may beeither a cis- or trans-isomer.

Conversion of the compound of formula (J-0) to the compound of formula(J-1) can be achieved by conjugate addition of hydroxylamine.

As hydroxylamine, 50% hydroxylamine aqueous solution, hydroxylaminehydrochloride, hydroxylamine sulfate, or the like may be used.

When hydroxylamine hydrochloride or hydroxylamine sulfate is used,various types of organic bases or inorganic bases are preferably added.Examples of a base that can be used herein include triethylamine,pyridine, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate,sodium bicarbonate, and sodium phosphate. The base is used in an amountof preferably 0.1 to 10 times, more preferably 0.5 to 2 times, and mostpreferably 1 to 1.2 times the molar amount of hydroxylamine.

The hydroxylamine is used in an amount of preferably 1 to 10 times, morepreferably 1 to 2 times, and most preferably 1 to 1.2 times the molaramount of the compound of the formula (J-0).

The type of a solvent used herein is not particularly limited, as longas it does not affect the reaction. Examples of the solvent include:water; nitriles such as acetonitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons such asbenzene, toluene or xylene; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran orethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone or 2-butanone;alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or 2-propanol; amides such asN,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide; esters such as ethylacetate or isopropyl acetate; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide.These solvents may be used in combination. Examples of a preferredsolvent include aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, esters, andsulfoxides. Of these, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters aremore preferable.

The amount of a solvent used is not particularly limited. The solvent isused in an amount of preferably 1 to 50 times (v/w), more preferably 1to 10 times (v/w), and most preferably 1 to 3 times (v/w) the amount ofthe compound of the formula (J-0).

The reaction temperature is different depending on a solvent used. It ispreferably from 0 to 130° C., more preferably from room temperature to100° C., and particularly preferably from room temperature to 50° C.

The reaction time is not particularly limited. It is preferably 5minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 5 hours, andparticularly preferably 10 minutes to 1 hour.

The compound of the formula (J-1) may be isolated and may be thensubjected to the subsequent process. Otherwise, it may be subjected tothe subsequent process without being isolated.

Conversion of the compound of the formula (J-1) to the compound offormula (J-2) can be achieved by allowing the compound of the formula(J-1) to react with glyoxal in the presence of an acid or a base. Asglyoxal, an inexpensive 40% glyoxal aqueous solution is preferably used.It is also possible to use, for example, an acetal body or a sulfite ionadduct as a product equivalent to glyoxal.

The glyoxal is used in an amount of preferably 1 to 10 times, morepreferably 1 to 5 times, and most preferably 1 to 3 times the molaramount of the compound of the formula (J-1).

The type of a solvent used herein is not particularly limited, as longas it does not affect the reaction. Examples of the solvent include:water; nitriles such as acetonitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons such asbenzene, toluene or xylene; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran orethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone or 2-butanone;alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or 2-propanol; amides such asN,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide; esters such as ethylacetate or isopropyl acetate; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide.These solvents may be used in combination. Examples of a preferredsolvent include water, nitriles, ethers, ketones, alcohols, and amides.Of these, water, ethers and alcohols are more preferable, and water ismost preferable.

The amount of a solvent used is not particularly limited. The solvent isused in an amount of preferably 1 to 50 times (v/w), more preferably 1to 20 times (v/w), and most preferably 1 to 10 times (v/w) the amount ofthe compound of the formula (J-1).

For the purpose of improving yield, it is preferable to add an acid or abase in the present reaction. Examples of an acid used herein include:proton acids such as hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonicacid, camphorsulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid ortrifluoromethanesulfonic acid; and Lewis acids such as aluminumchloride, zinc chloride or iron chloride. Of these, proton acids arepreferable, and hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid and acetic acid aremore preferable.

As bases, various types of inorganic bases or organic bases can be used.Examples of a preferred inorganic base include sodium bicarbonate,potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodiumhydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium phosphate, and sodiummonohydrogen phosphate. Examples of a preferred organic base includetriethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, and picoline.

The acid or a base is used in an amount of preferably 0.01 to 100 times,more preferably 0.1 to 10 times, and most preferably 1 to 5 times themolar amount of the compound of the formula (J-1).

The reaction temperature is different depending on a solvent used. It ispreferably from 0 to 130° C., more preferably from room temperature to100° C., and particularly preferably from 40 to 80° C.

The reaction time is not particularly limited. It is preferably 5minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 5 hours, andparticularly preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours.

Conversion of the compound of the formula (J-2) to the compound offormula (J-3) can be achieved by allowing the compound of the formula(J-2) to react with nitrite ester in the presence of an acid. As nitriteester, ethyl nitrite, n-propyl nitrite, isopropyl nitrite, n-butylnitrite, isobutyl nitrite, t-butyl nitrite, isoamyl nitrite or the likecan be used. Of these, isoamyl nitrite is particularly preferable interms of ready availability.

Moreover, the compound of the formula (J-3) can be obtained also byadding a sodium nitrite aqueous solution to a mixture of the compound ofthe formula (J-2) and an acid.

The nitrite ester or sodium nitrite is used in an amount of preferably 1to 10 times, more preferably 1 to 5 times, and most preferably 1 to 3times the molar amount of the compound of the formula (J-2).

Examples of an acid used herein include: proton acids such as hydrogenchloride, sulfuric acid, acetic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid,camphorsulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or trifluoromethanesulfonicacid; and Lewis acids such as aluminum chloride, zinc chloride or ironchloride. The acids that are preferably used herein are proton acids. Ofthese, hydrogen chloride, sulfuric acid and acetic acid are morepreferable, and hydrogen chloride is most preferable. When hydrogenchloride is used, acid chloride such as acetyl chloride may be added toalcohols such as ethanol so as to generate hydrogen chloride in asystem. The acid is used in an amount of preferably 0.01 to 100 times,more preferably 0.1 to 10 times, and most preferably 1 to 5 times themolar amount of the compound of the formula (J-2).

The type of a solvent used herein is not particularly limited, as longas it does not affect the reaction. Examples of the solvent include:water; nitriles such as acetonitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons such asbenzene, toluene or xylene; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran orethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone or 2-butanone;alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or 2-propanol; amides such asN,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide; carboxylic acids such asacetic acid, propionic acid or trifluoroacetic acid; esters such asethyl acetate or isopropyl acetate; and sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide. These solvents may be used in combination. Examples of apreferred solvent include water, ethers, alcohols, amides, andcarboxylic acids. Of these, ethers, alcohols and carboxylic acids aremore preferable, and alcohols are particularly preferable.

The amount of a solvent used is not particularly limited. The solvent isused in an amount of preferably 1 to 50 times (v/w), more preferably 1to 10 times (v/w), and most preferably 1 to 5 times (v/w) the amount ofthe compound of the formula (J-2).

The reaction temperature is different depending on a solvent used. It ispreferably from 0 to 130° C., more preferably from room temperature to100° C., and particularly preferably from room temperature to 70° C.

The reaction time is not particularly limited. It is preferably 5minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 10 minutes to 5 hours, andparticularly preferably 30 minutes to 3 hours.

In order to convert the compound of the formula (J-3) to the compound ofthe formula (J-4), chlorination of a pyrazine ring and formation of anisoxazole ring may be simultaneously carried out, or these two reactionsmay be carried out stepwise.

In the present reaction, phosphorus oxychloride, thionyl chloride,phosphorus pentachloride, phosphorus trichloride, pyrocatechylphosphotrichloride, dichlorotriphenylphosphorane and oxalyl chloride areused as a reagent(s), singly or in combination of two or more types. Ofthese, phosphorus oxychloride and thionyl chloride are more preferablyin terms of yield and costs, and phosphorus oxychloride is particularlypreferable. The reagent is used in an amount of preferably 1 to 20times, more preferably 2 to 10 times, and most preferably 2 to 5 timesthe molar amount of the compound of the formula (J-3).

The type of a solvent used herein is not particularly limited, as longas it does not affect the reaction. Examples of the solvent include:nitriles such as acetonitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene,toluene or xylene; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran or ethyleneglycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone or 2-butanone; amidessuch as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide or N-methylpyrrolidone; ureas such as 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone; and esterssuch as ethyl acetate or isopropyl acetate. These solvents may be usedin combination. Examples of a preferred solvent include nitriles,aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, amides, ureas, and esters. Of these,aromatic hydrocarbons and amides are more preferable. For the purpose ofincreasing the reaction rate, dimethylformamide is preferably added.

The amount of a solvent used is not particularly limited. The solvent isused in an amount of preferably 1 to 50 times (v/w), more preferably 1to 10 times (v/w), and most preferably 1 to 5 times (v/w) the amount ofthe compound of the formula (J-3).

The reaction temperature is different depending on a solvent used. It ispreferably from 0 to 130° C., more preferably from room temperature to100° C., and particularly preferably from 50 to 80° C. The reaction timeis not particularly limited. It is preferably 5 minutes to 20 hours,more preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours, and particularly preferably 1 to5 hours.

Next, a reaction of producing a compound of the formula (III) using thecompound of the formula (I) will be described. In this reaction, asbases, various types of inorganic bases or organic bases can be used.Examples of a preferred inorganic base include potassium fluoride,cesium fluoride, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodiumcarbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide,sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium monohydrogen phosphate,and sodium borate. Examples of a preferred organic base includetriethylamine, ethyl(diisopropyl)amine, pyridine, and picoline. Morepreferred bases include sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodiumcarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium phosphate,potassium phosphate, and sodium monohydrogen phosphate.

The base is used in an amount of preferably 0.1 to 100 times, morepreferably 0.5 to 30 times, and most preferably 1 to 10 times the molaramount of the compound of the formula (I).

The type of a solvent used herein is not particularly limited, as longas it does not affect the reaction. Examples of the solvent include:water; nitriles such as acetonitrile; aromatic hydrocarbons such asbenzene, toluene or xylene; ethers such as dioxane, tetrahydrofuran orethylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as acetone or 2-butanone;alcohols such as methanol, ethanol or 2-propanol; amides such asN,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide; esters such as ethylacetate or isopropyl acetate; and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide.These solvents may be used in combination. As such a solvent, a singleuse of water, or a use of a mixed solution of water and organic solvents(alcohols, nitriles, ethers or sulfoxides) miscible with the water, ispreferable. Moreover, it is also preferable that solvents that areimmiscible with water, such as aromatic hydrocarbons, esters or ethers,be used, and that the reaction be carried out in a two-phase system ofsuch an immiscible solvent and water. Furthermore, a solvent misciblewith water may be mixed with a solvent immiscible with water, and thethus mixed solvent may be then used. Examples of more preferred solventinclude aromatic hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, esters, and water. Atwo-phase system of an aromatic hydrocarbon and water is morepreferable. The amount of the solvent used is not particularly limited.The solvent is used in an amount of preferably 1 to 50 times (v/w), andmore preferably 1 to 15 times (v/w) the amount of the compound of theformula (I).

The reaction temperature is preferably 200° C. or lower, and morepreferably from 0 to 150° C. The reaction time is not particularlylimited. It is preferably 5 minutes to 50 hours, more preferably 5minutes to 24 hours, and particularly preferably 5 minutes to 5 hours.

In such a reaction, the above-described cationic phase transfercatalysts or nonionic phase transfer catalysts can also be used.

In this reaction, it is particularly preferable that X in the compoundof the formula (I) be a fluorine atom and Y be —C(═O)R wherein Rrepresents an optionally substituted alkoxy group.

In accordance with the method described in Shin Jikken Kagaku Koza (NewExperimental Chemistry Course), Vol. 14, pp. 1151-1154 (edited by theChemical Society of Japan, 1977), water is added to the compound of theformula (III) (1) under acidic conditions, (2) under basic conditions inthe presence or absence of a hyperacid, or (3) under neutral conditions,thereby obtaining the compound of the formula (IV). In this reaction, itis particularly preferable that X be a fluorine atom.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, a method for safely and easily producing T-705A and T-705,using the compound of the formula (I) of the present invention as anintermediate, will be described in the following specific examples. Itis to be noted that, in the NMR spectral data in the following examples,“s” indicates a singlet, “d” indicates a doublet, “t” indicates atriplet, “q” indicates a quartet, “quint” indicates a quintet, “sep”indicates a septet, “h” indicates a nonuplet, “dd” indicates a quartetwith unequal distance, “m” indicates a multiplet, and “br” indicates abroad line.

[Chem.22]

Synthesis Example 1 Synthesis of (B-1)

11.3 L of water and 1090 g of sodium hydroxide were added to a 30-Lreaction vessel made of glass, and they were dissolved therein. To theobtained solution, 4000 g of (A-1) (the reagent of Tokyo ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd.) was added, and the obtained mixture was then stirredat an internal temperature of 70° C. for 30 minutes. Thereafter, 2270 gof sodium chloride was added to the reaction solution and dissolvedtherein, and the obtained reaction mixture was then cooled to 0° C. orlower. 2270 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid was slowly added to thereaction mixture, and 11.3 L of ethyl acetate was then added to themixture. After completion of liquid separation, an aqueous layer wasdiscarded. 11.3 L of a saturated saline was added to the obtainedorganic layer, and after completion of liquid separation, an aqueouslayer was discarded. The obtained organic layer was concentrated underreduced pressure. To the thus obtained residue, 5.00 L of toluene wasadded, and the toluene solution was then concentrated under reducedpressure. 5.00 L of toluene was added to the resultant again, followedby vacuum concentration. As a result, 3200 g of light yellow oil (B-1)was obtained. Yield: 95.1%.

¹H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ value: 9.09 (br, 1H), 4.97 (s, 1H), 3.64-3.77(m, 4H), 1.28 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 6H)

Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis of (C-1)

1.48 kg (10.0 mol) of (B-1) was dissolved in 7.40 L of acetonitrile, and1.10 kg (5.25 mol) of aminoacetonitrile sulfate was then added to theobtained solution. While keeping the internal temperature at 5° C. orlower, 1.91 kg (10.0 mol) of1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride was added tothe mixture. While keeping the internal temperature at 0° C. to 6° C.,2.07 kg (20.0 mol) of triethylamine was added dropwise to the mixtureover 90 minutes. The obtained reaction mixture was left at roomtemperature overnight. 3.00 L of water was added to the reactionmixture, and the solvent was then distilled away under reduced pressure.7.40 L of ethyl acetate was added to the residue, and the obtainedmixture was then stirred for 10 minutes. Thereafter, the reactionsolution was left at rest, and an aqueous layer was then removed. Theorganic layer was cooled. Subsequently, while keeping the internaltemperature at 6° C. or lower, approximately 2.00 L of 1.00 mol/Lhydrochloric acid was added thereto, so that the pH of the aqueous layerwas adjusted to pH 5. Further, 1.00 L of water was added thereto, andthe mixture was then stirred and left at rest, so as to remove theaqueous layer. 3.00 L of a saturated saline was added to the organiclayer, and the obtained mixture was then stirred and left at rest, so asto remove the aqueous layer. The solvent was distilled away from theobtained organic layer under reduced pressure, and 2.00 L of toluene wasthen added to the residue, followed by vacuum distillation. Further,1.00 L of toluene was added to the resultant, followed by vacuumdistillation, so as to obtain 1.11 kg of light brown oil (C-1). Yield:59.7%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 1.27 (6H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.65 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz),3.69 (2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 4.22 (1H, s), 4.23 (1H, s), 4.86 (1H, s),6.80-7.10 (1H, br)

Synthesis Example 3 Synthesis of (E-1)

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 1.44 kg (12.8 mol) of potassiumtert-butoxide was dissolved in 10.4 L of tetrahydrofuran. Thereafter,while keeping the internal temperature at 10° C. or lower, a solution of2.08 kg (11.2 mol) of the (C-1) dissolved in 2.08 L of tetrahydrofuranwas added dropwise to the solution over 1 hour. Subsequently, 1.58 kg(13.4 mol) of dimethyl oxalate was added to the solution, and theobtained mixture was then stirred at 40° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter,16.0 L of methanol was further added to the reaction solution, followedby concentration, so as to obtain a methanol solution of (D−1). The thusobtained solution was directly used in the subsequent reaction.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 1.15 (6H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.52-3.58 (4H, m),3.60 (3H, s), 4.75 (1H, s), 7.88 (1H, br)

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, while keeping the internal temperature at10° C. or lower, 0.979 L (13.2 mol) of trifluoroacetic acid was addeddropwise to the obtained methanol solution of (D−1), and 0.815 kg (11.7mol) of hydroxylamine hydrochloride was then added to the mixture. Whilestirring, the obtained mixture was heated to reflux for 5 hours.Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, andmethanol was then distilled away under reduced pressure. Thereafter,10.4 L of ethyl acetate and 8.30 L of a 20.0% sodium chloride aqueoussolution were added to the residue. After stirring, a liquid separationoperation was performed, and an aqueous layer was then removed. To theremaining organic layer, 8.30 L of a 20.0% sodium chloride aqueoussolution and 0.260 kg of sodium bicarbonate were added. After stirring,a liquid separation operation was performed, and an aqueous layer wasthen removed. To the organic layer, 8.30 L of a 20.0% sodium chlorideaqueous solution was added again. After stirring, a liquid separationoperation was performed, and an aqueous layer was then removed. Theorganic layer was concentrated, so as to obtain 3.14 kg (purity: 49.0%)of brown oil (E-1). Yield from the (C-1): 47.9%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 1.32 (6H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.50-3.80 (m, 4H), 3.98(3H, s), 4.93 (1H, s), 5.82 (2H, br), 9.29 (1H, br)

Synthesis Example 4 Synthesis of (F-1)

1.55 kg (5.40 mol) of the (E-1) was dissolved in 3.90 L of acetic acid,and 213 g (1.12 mol) of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate was thenadded to the solution. The obtained mixture was reacted at an internaltemperature of 77° C. to 80° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the obtainedreaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and 8.00 L of water wasthen added to the mixture, followed by stirring for 20 minutes.Thereafter, a precipitate was collected by filtration, and it was thenwashed with water until the pH of the filtrate became pH 5 or greater.Thereafter, the resultant was dried at 40° C. overnight, so as to obtain615 g of a light yellow solid (F-1). Yield: 58.4%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 3.99 (3H, s), 8.26 (1H, s), 12.75-13.00 (1H,br)

It is to be noted that, since the (F-1) was a solid and had lowvolatility and low skin irritancy, it could be safely and easily used inthe subsequent reaction.

Synthesis Example 5 Synthesis of (G-1)

156 g (0.800 mol) of the (F-1) was mixed with 373 mL (4.00 mol) ofphosphorus oxychloride, and 110 g (0.800 mol) of triethylaminehydrochloride was then added to the mixture. The obtained mixture wasreacted at an internal temperature of 85° C. for 4 hours. Thereafter,the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. A mixed solutionof 800 mL of toluene and 1600 mL of water was cooled on ice, and theabove-obtained reaction mixture was then added to the mixed solutionover 1 hour, while keeping an internal temperature at 25° C. to 30° C.The reaction mixture was further stirred at an internal temperature of22° C. to 23° C. for 1 hour, and it was then left at rest. An aqueouslayer was removed, and 800 mL of a saturated saline was added to theorganic layer. Thereafter, the reaction mixture was stirred and was thenleft at rest, and an aqueous layer was removed. This operation wasrepeatedly performed four times. In the 4^(th) operation, the pH of theaqueous layer was pH 6. Anhydrous sodium sulfate was added to theobtained organic layer, followed by stirring. After the removal ofsodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled away under reduced pressure,so as to obtain 152 g of a light brown solid (G-1). Yield: 88.9%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 4.14 (3H, s), 8.65 (1H, s)

It is to be noted that, since the (G-1) was a solid and had lowvolatility and low skin irritancy, it could be safely and easily used inthe subsequent reaction.

Synthesis Example 6 Synthesis of (H-1)

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixed solution of 2.00 g (10.3 mmol) of(F-1) and 40.0 mL of acetonitrile was stirred, and 1.88 mL (15.4 mmol)of 2,2-difluoro-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine was then added dropwisethereto. After completion of the dropwise addition, the obtained mixturewas stirred at a temperature of 80 to 90° C. for 3 hours. Thereafter,the reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and theobtained residue was then separated and purified by silica gelchromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate=2/1 (volume ratio)). As aresult, 0.900 g of a white solid (H-1) was obtained. Yield: 44.4%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.53 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 4.14 (3H, s)

¹⁹F-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: −78.74 (1F, d, J=6.6 Hz)

It is to be noted that, since the (H-1) was a solid and had lowvolatility and low skin irritancy, it could be safely and easily used inthe subsequent reaction.

Synthesis Example 7 Synthesis of (H-1)

1.80 g (31.0 mmol) of potassium fluoride was mixed with 22.0 mL ofdimethyl sulfoxide, and 15.0 mL of toluene was then added to themixture, followed by stirring. Thereafter, toluene was distilled awayunder reduced pressure at an external temperature of 80° C. at 70 mmHg,and 1.07 g (5.00 mmol) of the (G-1) was added to the residue, followedby a reaction at an internal temperature of 80° C. for 3 hours.Thereafter, the reaction product was cooled to room temperature, and 300mL of ethyl acetate and 200 mL of water were then added thereto. Thereaction mixture was stirred and was then left at rest, and an aqueouslayer was removed. This operation was repeatedly performed twice.Subsequently, 50.0 mL of a saturated saline was added to the organiclayer, and the obtained mixture was then stirred and left at rest, so asto remove an aqueous layer. The resultant was dried over magnesiumsulfate and was then filtrated. The filtrated was concentrated, so as toobtain a mixture of 0.830 g of a brown solid (H-1) and 0.03 g of the(G-1). Yield: 84.0%.

(The ingredient ratio in the mixture was calculated based on theintegral values of NMR spectra.)

Synthesis Example 8 Synthesis of T-705A

3.00 mL of tetrahydrofuran, 3.00 mL of water and 55.0 mg (1.38 mmol) ofsodium hydroxide were added to 200 mg (1.01 mmol) of the (H-1), andwhile stirring the obtained mixture was heated at 80° C. for 3 hours.Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, andion exchange resin DOWEX (registered trademark) 50 W×2−200 (H) was addedthereto. Thereafter, the resultant was filtrated and concentrated, so asto obtain 126 mg of T-705A in the form of a yellow solid. Yield: 89.7%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 8.22 (1H, d, J=8.1 Hz), 13.85 (1H, br)

¹⁹F-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: −94.13 (1H, br)

It is apparent that, according to the method of treating the T-705A witha basic aqueous solution described in Production Example 4 of PatentDocument 1 or Production Example 1 of Patent Document 2 or the like,T-705 can be produced using the T-705A synthesized by the method of thepresent invention.

Further, examples of synthesizing the pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazolederivative of the present invention and the like will be described indetail below.

[Chem.23]

[Chem.24]

[Chem.25]

Synthesis Example 9 Synthesis of (A-1a)

10.7 g (50.0 mmol) of the (G-1) was mixed with 50.0 mL of ethyl alcohol,and 17.4 mL (100 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine and 0.610 g (5.00 mmol)of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were then added to the mixture. The obtainedmixture was reacted at an internal temperature of 80° C. for 2.5 hours,and it was then cooled to room temperature. The reaction solution wasconcentrated, and the residue was then subjected to silica gelchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), so as to obtain 7.39 g of awhite solid (A-1a). Yield: 64.8%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.62 (1H, s), 4.60 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 1.51 (3H,t, J=7.0 Hz)

Synthesis Example 10 Synthesis of (A-2)

42.7 g (0.200 mol) of the (G-1) was mixed with 500 mL of isopropylalcohol, and 42.0 mL (0.300 mol) of triethylamine was then added to themixture. The obtained mixture was reacted at an internal temperature of80° C. for 2 hours, and it was then cooled to room temperature. Thereaction solution was concentrated, and the residue was then subjectedto silica gel chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), so as to obtain41.6 g of a white solid (A-2). Yield: 86.0%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.63 (1H, s), 5.45 (1H, quint, J=6.0 Hz), 1.49(6H, s)

Synthesis Example 11 Synthesis of (A-3)

32.0 g (150 mmol) of the (G-1) was mixed with 150 mL of 1-butyl alcohol,and 52.3 mL (300 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine and 1.83 g (15.0 mmol)of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were then added to the mixture. The obtainedmixture was reacted at an internal temperature of 90° C. for 2 hours,and it was then cooled to room temperature. The reaction solution wasconcentrated, and the residue was then subjected to silica gelchromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), so as to obtain 25.1 g of awhite solid (A-3). Yield: 65.4%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.63 (1H, s), 4.55 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.81-1.89(2H, m), 1.47-1.57 (2H, m), 1.00 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz)

Synthesis Example 12 Synthesis of (A-4)

1.00 g (4.39 mmol) of the (A-1a) was dissolved in 10.0 mL of isobutylalcohol, and 107 mg (0.878 mmol) of 4-dimethylaminopyridine was thenadded to the solution. The obtained mixture was stirred under heating at100° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled toroom temperature and was then concentrated. The residue was purified bysilica gel chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), so as to obtain0.780 g of (A-4) in the form of light yellow oil. Yield: 69.4%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 1.07 (6H, d, J=6.8 Hz), 2.19 (1H, h, J=6.7 Hz),4.32 (2H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 8.63 (1H, s)

Synthesis Example 13 Synthesis of (A-5)

1.07 g (5.00 mmol) of the (G-1) was mixed with 5.00 g of neopentylalcohol, and 1.70 mL (10.0 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine was then addedto the mixture. The obtained mixture was reacted at an internaltemperature of 100° C. for 5 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solutionwas cooled to room temperature, and 30.0 mL of ethyl acetate and 20.0 mLof water were then added thereto. The reaction mixture was stirred andwas then left at rest, and an aqueous layer was removed. This operationwas repeatedly performed twice. The organic layer was concentrated, andthe residue was then subjected to silica gel chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), so as to obtain 0.750 g of a white solid(A-5). Yield: 55.6%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.63 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 4.23 (2H, s), 1.09 (9H,s)

Synthesis Example 14 Synthesis of (A-6)

2.28 g (10.0 mmol) of the (A-1a) was mixed with 10.0 g of 1-hexylalcohol, and 3.48 mL (20.0 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine and 0.120 g of4-dimethylaminopyridine were then added to the mixture. The obtainedmixture was reacted at an internal temperature of 80° C. for 3.5 hours.Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. Thereaction solution was concentrated, and the residue was then subjectedto silica gel chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), so as to obtain2.30 g of a white solid (A-6). Yield: 81.0%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.63 (1H, s), 4.54 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 1.81-1.90(2H, m), 1.31-1.53 (6H, m), 0.91 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz)

Synthesis Example 15 Synthesis of (A-7)

2.14 g (10.0 mmol) of the (G-1) was mixed with 10.0 g of cyclohexylalcohol, and 2.00 mL (10.0 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine and 0.210 g of4-dimethylaminopyridine were then added to the mixture. The obtainedmixture was reacted at an internal temperature of 100° C. for 1 hour.Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, and100 mL of ethyl acetate and 50.0 mL of hydrochloric acid (1 mol/L) werethen added thereto. The reaction mixture was stirred and was then leftat rest, and an aqueous layer was removed. This operation was repeatedlyperformed twice. Subsequently, 20.0 mL of a saturated saline was addedto the organic layer, and the obtained mixture was then stirred and leftat rest, so as to remove an aqueous layer. The resultant was dried overmagnesium sulfate and was then filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated,and the residue was then subjected to silica gel chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), so as to obtain 1.30 g of a white solid(A-7). Yield: 46.1%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.62 (1H, s), 5.19-5.28 (1H, m), 1.31-2.08 (10H,m)

Synthesis Example 16 Synthesis of (A-8)

2.28 g (10.0 mmol) of the (A-1a) was mixed with 2.08 mL (20.0 mmol) ofbenzyl alcohol, and 20.0 mL of diisopropylethylamine was then added tothe mixture. The obtained mixture was reacted at an internal temperatureof 80° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled toroom temperature. The reaction solution was concentrated, and theresidue was then recrystallized (hexane/ethyl acetate), so as to obtain0.780 g of a white solid (A-8). Yield: 26.9%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.62 (1H, s), 7.32-7.57 (5H, m), 5.57 (2H, s)

Synthesis Example 17 Synthesis of (A-9)

0.430 g (2.00 mmol) of the (G-1) was mixed with 4.00 mL of ethylalcohol, and 0.220 mL (2.00 mmol) of benzyl alcohol was then added tothe mixture. The obtained mixture was reacted at room temperature for 1hour. The reaction solution was concentrated, and the residue was thensubjected to silica gel chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), so asto obtain 0.490 g of a yellow solid (A-9). Yield: 84.8%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.64 (1H, s), 7.31-7.42 (5H, m), 4.77 (2H, d,J=6.0 Hz)

Synthesis Example 18 Synthesis of (A-10)

6.41 g (30.0 mmol) of the (G-1) was mixed with 16.0 mL (150 mmol) ofdiethylamine, and the obtained mixture was then reacted at 50° C. for 45minutes. The reaction solution was concentrated, and the residue wasthen subjected to silica gel chromatography (hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1),so as to obtain 6.33 g of a yellow solid (A-10). Yield: 82.7%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.60 (1H, s), 3.67 (2H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 3.47 (2H,t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.34 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 1.26 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz)

Synthesis Example 19 Synthesis of (A-11)

2.14 g (10.0 mmol) of the (G-1) was mixed with 15.0 mL of methylalcohol, and 0.860 mL (10.5 mmol) of pyrrolidine was then added to themixture. The obtained mixture was reacted at room temperature for 40minutes. Thereafter, the reaction solution was concentrated, and theresidue was then subjected to silica gel chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=4:1), so as to obtain 2.27 g of a yellow solid (A-11). Yield:89.7%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.61 (1H, s), 3.72-3.81 (4H, m), 1.98-2.05 (4H,m)

Synthesis Example 20 Synthesis of (A-12)

0.630 g (10.8 mmol) of potassium fluoride was mixed with 14.4 mL ofdimethyl sulfoxide, and the solvent was then distilled away underreduced pressure at an external temperature of 80° C. at 3 to 5 hPa.Thereafter, 15.0 mL of dry dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.820 g (3.60 mmol) ofthe (A-1a) were added to the residue, and the obtained mixture was thenreacted at an internal temperature of 90° C. for 4 hours. According tohigh performance liquid chromatographic analysis, the production ratewas found to be 97.0%. (As an internal standard, diphenyl ether wasused.)

Synthesis Example 21 Synthesis of (A-13)

3.50 g (60.0 mmol) of potassium fluoride was mixed with 250 mL ofdimethyl sulfoxide, and the solvent was then distilled away underreduced pressure at an external temperature of 130° C. at 21 mmHg.Thereafter, 80.0 mL of dry dimethyl sulfoxide and 4.83 g (20.0 mmol) ofthe (A-2) were added to the residue, and the obtained mixture was thenreacted at an internal temperature of 90° C. for 4 hours. The reactionsolution was cooled to room temperature, and 100 mL of toluene and 100mL of water were added thereto. The reaction mixture was stirred and wasthen left at rest, and an aqueous layer was removed. This operation wasrepeatedly performed twice. Subsequently, 100 mL of a saturated salinewas added to the obtained organic layer, and the obtained mixture wasthen stirred and left at rest, so as to remove an aqueous layer. Theresultant was dried over magnesium sulfate and was then filtrated. Thefiltrate was concentrated, so as to obtain 3.97 g of a solid (A-13).Yield: 88.2%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.50 (1H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 5.46 (1H, quintet, J=6.4Hz), 1.49 (6H, d, J=6.4 Hz)

¹⁹F-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: −79.16 (1F, d, J=6.4 Hz)

Synthesis Example 22 Synthesis of (A-14)

0.360 g (6.20 mmol) of potassium fluoride was mixed with 8.00 mL ofdimethyl sulfoxide, and 14.0 mL of toluene was added to the mixture,followed by stirring. Thereafter, toluene was distilled away underreduced pressure at an external temperature of 80° C. at 70 mmHg.Subsequently, 0.510 g (2.00 mmol) of the (A-3) was added to the residue,and the obtained mixture was then reacted at an internal temperature of80° C. for 2 hours and at an internal temperature of 90° C. for 1.5hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature,and 30.0 mL of toluene and 20.0 mL of water were added thereto. Thereaction mixture was stirred and was then left at rest, and an aqueouslayer was removed. This operation was repeatedly performed three times.Subsequently, 20.0 mL of a saturated saline was added to the organiclayer, and the obtained mixture was then stirred and left at rest, so asto remove an aqueous layer. The resultant was dried over magnesiumsulfate and was then filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated, and theresidue was then subjected to silica gel chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=4:1), so as to obtain 0.400 g of a white solid (A-14). Yield:83.7%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.51 (1H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 4.54 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz),1.81-1.89 (2H, m), 1.47-1.57 (2H, m), 1.00 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz)

¹⁹F-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: −79.02 (1F, d, J=6.4 Hz)

Synthesis Example 23 Synthesis of (A-15)

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 4.68 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide and 10.0 mLof toluene were added to 203 mg (3.51 mmol) of potassium fluoride, andthe obtained mixture was then heated to 70° C. Thereafter, toluene wasdistilled away under reduced pressure. Further, 0.300 g (1.17 mmol) ofthe (A-4) was added to the residue, and while stirring, the obtainedmixture was reacted at 80° C. for 2 hours. As a result of the HPLCanalysis of the reaction solution, the production rate was found to be84.0%. (As an internal standard, diphenyl ether was used.)

Synthesis Example 24 Synthesis of (A-16)

0.190 g of a white solid (A-16) was obtained from 0.230 g (4.00 mmol) ofpotassium fluoride, 6.00 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.400 g (1.50mmol) of the (A-5) by the same operations as those applied in SynthesisExample 22. Yield: 50.1%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.51 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 4.22 (2H, s), 1.09 (9H,s)

¹⁹F-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: −79.11 (1F, d, J=6.6 Hz)

Synthesis Example 25 Synthesis of (A-17)

0.620 g (10.7 mmol) of potassium fluoride was mixed with 14.4 mL ofdimethyl sulfoxide, and 14.0 mL of toluene was then added to themixture, followed by stirring. Thereafter, toluene was distilled awayunder reduced pressure at an external temperature of 80° C. at 70 mmHg.0.510 g of the (A-6) was added to the residue, and the obtained mixturewas then reacted at an internal temperature of 80° C. for 2 hours, andat an internal temperature of 90° C. for 2 hours. According to highperformance liquid chromatographic analysis, the production rate wasfound to be 89.0%. (As an internal standard, diphenyl ether was used.)

Synthesis Example 26 Synthesis of (A-18)

0.310 g of a white solid (A-18) was obtained from 0.470 g (8.10 mmol) ofpotassium fluoride, 11.0 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide and 0.760 g (2.70mmol) of the (A-7) by the same operations as those applied in SynthesisExample 22. Yield: 43.4%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.49 (1H, d, J=6.6 Hz), 5.20-5.27 (1H, m),1.99-2.07 (2H, m), 1.33-1.90 (8H, m)

¹⁹F-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: −79.21 (1F, d, J=6.6 Hz)

Synthesis Example 27 Synthesis of (A-19)

0.590 g (10.0 mmol) of potassium fluoride, 12.0 mL of dimethyl sulfoxideand 0.760 g (3.00 mmol) of the (A-10) were reacted at 80° C. for 4 hoursby the same operations as those applied in Synthesis Example 25. As aresult, the production rate was found to be 65.0%.

Synthesis Example 28 Synthesis of (A-20)

0.520 g (9.00 mmol) of potassium fluoride, 12.0 mL of dimethyl sulfoxideand 0.76 g (3.00 mmol) of the (A-11) were reacted at 80° C. for 4 hoursby the same operations as those applied in Synthesis Example 25. As aresult, the production rate was found to be 81.0%.

Synthesis Example 29 Synthesis of (A-21)

1.00 mL of tetrahydrofuran, 1.00 mL of water and 20.0 mg (0.491 mmol) ofsodium hydroxide were added to 100 mg (0.468 mmol) of the (G-1), andwhile stirring, the obtained mixture was heated at 80° C. for 1 hour.Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, andion exchange resin DOWEX (registered trademark) 50 W×2−200 (H) was addedthereto. Thereafter, the resultant was filtrated and concentrated, so asto obtain 70.0 mg of (A-21) in the form of a yellow solid. Yield: 95.9%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 8.44 (1H, s), 13.85 (1H, br)

Synthesis Example 30 Synthesis of T-705A

2.00 mL of toluene, 1.00 mL of water and 0.224 g (2.66 mmol) of sodiumbicarbonate were added to 0.500 g (2.22 mmol) of the (A-15), and whilestirring, the obtained mixture was reacted at 80° C. for 3 hours, and at100° C. for 5 hours. As a result of the high performance liquidchromatographic analysis of the reaction solution, the production ratewas found to be 92.0%.

Synthesis Example 31 Synthesis of (A-22)

A mixed solution of 1.36 g (7.00 mmol) of the (F-1), 20.0 mL ofacetonitrile and 1.49 mL (9.00 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine was cooledon ice, and 0.860 mL (8.00 mmol) of dimethylcarbamic acid chloride wasthen added to the solution. The obtained mixture was reacted at roomtemperature for 1 hour. Thereafter, 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 100 mLof water were added to the reaction solution. The reaction mixture wasstirred and was then left at rest, and an aqueous layer was removed.This operation was repeatedly performed twice. Subsequently, the organiclayer was dried over magnesium sulfate and was then concentrated. Theresidue was then subjected to silica gel chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=4:1), so as to obtain 0.740 g of a white solid (A-22). Yield:35.1%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.57 (1H, s), 4.10 (3H, s), 3.17 (6H, s)

Synthesis Example 32 Synthesis of (A-23)

A mixed solution of 6.66 g (34.0 mmol) of the (F-1), 50.0 mL ofacetonitrile and 6.80 mL (41.0 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine was cooledon ice, and 5.10 mL (41.0 mmol) of dimethylcarbamic acid chloride and0.370 g (3.00 mmol) of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were then added to thesolution. The obtained mixture was reacted at room temperatureovernight. Thereafter, the reaction solution was concentrated, and 100mL of ethyl acetate and 100 mL of diluted hydrochloric acid (1 mol/L)were then added to the concentrate. Then, the reaction mixture wasstirred and was then left at rest, and an aqueous layer was removed.This operation was repeatedly performed twice. Subsequently, the organiclayer was dried over magnesium sulfate and was then concentrated. Theresidue was then subjected to silica gel chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate=4:1), so as to obtain 9.97 g of a yellow liquid (A-23). Yield:88.4%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.56 (1H, s), 4.11 (3H, s), 3.59 (4H, q, J=7.2Hz), 1.31 (6H, t, J=7.2 Hz)

Synthesis Example 33 Synthesis of (A-24)

1.65 g (5.00 mmol) of the (A-23) was mixed with 5.00 mL of 1-butylalcohol, and 1.70 mL (10.0 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine was then addedto the mixture. The obtained mixture was reacted at an internaltemperature of 80° C. for 2 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution wascooled to room temperature. The reaction solution was concentrated, andthe residue was then subjected to silica gel chromatography(hexane:ethyl acetate=4:1), so as to obtain 1.47 g of a yellow liquid(A-24). Yield: 79.0%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.55 (1H, s), 4.52 (2H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.57 (4H,q, J=7.2 Hz), 1.80-1.88 (2H, m), 1.48-1.57 (2H, m), 1.30 (6H, t, J=7.2Hz), 1.00 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz)

Synthesis Example 34 Synthesis of (A-25)

10.0 mL of tetrahydrofuran, 10.0 mL of water and 0.270 g (6.75 mmol) ofsodium hydroxide were added to 1.51 g (5.00 mmol) of the (A-22), andwhile stirring, the obtained mixture was heated at 80° C. for 40minutes. Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to roomtemperature, and ion exchange resin DOWEX (registered trademark) 50W×2−200 (H) was added thereto. The resultant was filtrated andconcentrated, so as to obtain 0.610 g of (A-25) in the form of a yellowsolid. Yield: 50.0%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 8.04 (1H, s), 2.88 (3H, s)

Synthesis Example 35 Synthesis of (A-21)

2.00 mL of toluene, 1.00 mL of water and 0.340 g (4.00 mmol) of sodiumbicarbonate were added to 0.510 g (2.00 mmol) of the (A-10), and whilestirring, the obtained mixture was reacted at 100° C. for 2 hours. As aresult of the high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of thereaction solution, the production rate was found to be 13.0%.

Synthesis Example 36 Synthesis of T-705A

0.750 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide, 0.120 mL of water and 114 mg (1.16mmol) of potassium acetate were added to 185 mg (0.773 mmol) of the(A-14). While stirring, the obtained mixture was heated at 80° C. for 3hours, and it was then cooled to room temperature. As a result of theHPLC analysis of the reaction mixture, the production rate was found tobe 57.0%.

Synthesis Example 37 Synthesis of T-705A

2.00 mL of tetrahydrofuran, 1.00 mL of water and 37.0 mg (0.930 mmol) ofsodium hydroxide were added to 185 mg (0.773 mmol) of the (A-14). Whilestirring, the obtained mixture was heated at 80° C. for 1 hour, and itwas then cooled to room temperature. As a result of the HPLC analysis ofthe reaction mixture, the production rate was found to be 94.9%.

Synthesis Example 38 Synthesis of T-705A

2.00 mL of isopropyl alcohol, 1.00 mL of water and 37.0 mg (0.930 mmol)of sodium hydroxide were added to 185 mg (0.773 mmol) of the (A-14).While stirring, the obtained mixture was heated at 80° C. for 1 hour,and it was then cooled to room temperature. As a result of the HPLCanalysis of the reaction mixture, the production rate was found to be85.6%.

Synthesis Example 39 Synthesis of (T-705A)

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 10.0 mL of dimethyl sulfoxide and 15.0 mLof N,N-dimethylformamide were added to 460 mg (7.91 mmol) of potassiumfluoride, and N,N-dimethylformamide was distilled away. Further, 0.460 g(2.61 mmol) of the (A-22) was added thereto, and while starring, theobtained mixture was reacted at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reactionsolution was cooled to room temperature, and 50.0 mL of ethyl acetateand 30.0 mL of water were added thereto. The reaction mixture wasstirred and was then left at rest. After liquid separation, the obtainedorganic layer was washed with 30 mL of water, and then with 30 mL ofsaturated saline, and the solvent was distilled away by evaporator. 2.0mL of dimethyl sulfoxide, 1.0 mL of water and 0.120 g (3.00 mmol) ofsodium hydroxide were added to the residue, and while starring, theresultant mixture was reacted at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reactionsolution was cooled to room temperature, and 0.48 mL (2.41 mmol) ofdicyclohexylamine was added thereto. After the pH of the solution wasadjusted to be pH=9 by concentrated hydrochloric acid, 2.0 mL of acetoneand 3.0 mL of water were added thereto. The precipitated crystal wasfiltered, so as to obtain 0.25 g of dicyclohexylamine salt of T-705A asa light brown solid.

Synthesis Example 40 Synthesis of (A-26)

5.00 g (23.4 mmol) of the (G-1) was mixed with 23.0 mL of 1-propanol,and thereafter, 8.00 mL (46.8 mmol) of diisopropylethylamine and 0.250 g(2.00 mmol) of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were added to the mixture. Theobtained mixture was reacted at 80° C. for 70 minutes, and at 90° C. for110 minutes. Thereafter, the reaction solution was concentrated, and theresidue was then subjected to silica gel chromatography, so as to obtain3.50 g of a light yellow solid (A-26). Yield: 61.8%.

¹H-NMR (CDCl₃) δ value: 8.64 (1H, s), 4.51 (2H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 1.85-1.94(2H, m), 1.08 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz)

Since the compounds (A-1a) to (A-20), (A-22) to (A-24), and (A-26) hadlow volatility and low skin irritancy, they could be handled safely andeasily.

[Chem.26]

Synthesis Example 41 Synthesis of (A-27)

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 54 g (0.377 mol) ofethyl-(Z)-4-amino-4-oxo-2-butenoate was dissolved in 300 mL of ethanol,and while keeping the internal temperature at 15 to 25° C., 26.2 g(0.396 mol) of a 50% hydroxylamine aqueous solution was added dropwiseto the solution. The obtained mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 4.5hours, and the reaction solution was then cooled to −20° C. Theprecipitated solid was filtrated. The thus obtained solid was washedwith 50.0 mL of cooled ethyl acetate, so as to obtain 42.4 g of a whitesolid (A-27). Yield: 63.8%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 1.18 (3H, t, J=7.2 Hz), 2.40 (1H, dd, J=7.6,15.6 Hz), 2.59 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 16.0 Hz), 3.63 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 7.6 Hz),4.05 (2H, q, J=6.8 Hz), 5.80 (1H, br), 7.12 (1H, br), 7.31 (1H, br),7.51 (1H, br)

Synthesis Example 42 Synthesis of (A-29)

56.0 g (0.386 mol) of a 40% glyoxal aqueous solution, 125 mL oftetrahydrofuran, 125 mL of water and 13.3 g (0.0955 mol) of potassiumcarbonate were mixed, and the obtained mixture was then cooled to 12° C.Then, 33.7 g (0.191 mol) of the (A-27) was added to the reactionsolution, and the obtained mixture was then stirred at 20° C. for 3hours. Thereafter, 11.6 g of acetic acid was added to the reactionsolution, and the obtained mixture was then concentrated to 80.0 g. 30.0mL of a saturated saline was added to the concentrate, and the obtainedmixture was then stirred. The precipitated solid was filtrated, and thefiltrate was washed with 30 mL of a saturated saline and then dried, soas to obtain 14.0 g of a light pink solid (A-29). Yield: 36.7%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 1.16 (3H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 3.69 (2H, s), 4.06(2H, q, J=7.2 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 7.54 (1H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 12.3(1H, br)

Synthesis Example 43 Synthesis of (A-31)

A solution prepared by adding 1.60 mL (22.5 mmol) of acetyl chloride to30.0 mL of ethanol was added to a mixture of 5.00 g (0.0252 mol) of the(A-29) and 65.0 mL of ethanol, and the thus obtained mixture was thenstirred. Thereafter, 3.70 mL (27.5 mmol) of isoamyl nitrite was added tothe reaction solution, and the obtained mixture was then stirred at roomtemperature for 4 hours. Thereafter, 0.500 mL (3.72 mmol) of isoamylnitrite was added to the reaction solution, and the obtained mixture wasfurther stirred at room temperature for 3.5 hours. To this reactionsolution, a solution prepared by adding 0.500 mL (7.04 mmol) of acetylchloride to 5.00 mL of ethanol, and 0.500 mL (3.72 mmol) of isoamylnitrite, were added, and the thus obtained mixture was left overnight.Subsequently, a solution prepared by adding 1.60 mL (22.5 mmol) ofacetyl chloride to 20.0 mL of ethanol, and 1.50 mL (11.1 mmol) ofisoamyl nitrite, were added to the reaction solution, and the thusobtained mixture was then stirred at 35° C. Thereafter, the solvent wasconcentrated under reduced pressure. Acetonitrile was added to theresultant, and the obtained mixture was then cooled on ice. Theprecipitated solid was filtrated, so as to obtain 4.10 g of a whitesolid (A-31). Yield: 71.5%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 13.0 (1H, br), 12.4 (1H, br), 7.66 (1H, d,J=6.0 Hz), 7.29 (1H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 4.20 (2H, q, J=7.0 Hz), 1.21 (3H, t,J=7.0 Hz)

Synthesis Example 44 Synthesis of (A-1a)

12.0 mL of toluene and 12.0 mL of dimethylformamide were cooled on ice,and 4.60 mL (49.3 mmol) of phosphorus oxychloride was then addedthereto. Thereafter, 2.27 g (10.0 mmol) of the (A-31) was added to themixture, and the thus obtained mixture was then stirred at 70° C. for4.5 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was cooled to roomtemperature, and ethyl acetate and water were then added thereto. Theobtained mixture was stirred and was then left at rest. Thereafter, anaqueous layer was removed, and the organic layer was concentrated underreduced pressure. The obtained residue was separated by silica gelchromatography (eluent: hexane/ethyl acetate=9/1). As a result, 1.60 gof a white solid (A-1a) was obtained. Yield: 70.3%.

Synthesis Example 45 Synthesis ofisopropyl-(Z)-4-amino-4-oxo-2-butenoate

196 g (2.00 mol) of maleic anhydride was dissolved in 123 g (2.05 mol)of 2-propanol and 800 mL of ethyl acetate. Thereafter, 300 mL (2.15 mol)of triethylamine was added dropwise to the solution at an internaltemperature of 10° C. or lower over 1.5 hours, and the obtained mixturewas then stirred for 1 hour. Thereafter, 193 mL (2.03 mol) of ethylchloroformate was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at an internaltemperature of −5° C. or lower over 2 hours. After the mixture had beenstirred for 30 minutes, the obtained reaction mixture was added dropwiseto an aqueous solution containing 300 mL (2.16 mol) of 28% ammonia waterand 250 g of ice. The obtained reaction mixture was left at roomtemperature overnight. Thereafter, 400 mL of ethyl acetate was added toreaction product, followed by stirring. Thereafter a liquid separationoperation was performed on the reaction solution, so as to remove anaqueous layer. This operation was repeated three times. The obtainedorganic layers were gathered and were then concentrated. Recrystallizedfrom hexane/ethyl acetate was performed, so as to obtain 50.5 g ofisopropyl-(Z)-4-amino-4-oxo-2-butenoate in the form of a white solid.Yield: 16.1%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 1.20 (6H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 4.94 (1H, sep, J=6.4Hz), 6.15 (1H, d, J=11.6 Hz), 6.26 (1H, d, J=12.0 Hz), 7.18 (1H, br),7.57 (1H, br)

Synthesis Example 46 Synthesis of (A-28)

13.9 g (0.210 mol) of a 50% hydroxylamine aqueous solution was dissolvedin 200 mL of 2-propanol. While keeping the internal temperature at 3.5to 6° C. in an ice bath, 31.4 g (0.200 mol) ofisopropyl-(Z)-4-amino-4-oxo-2-butenoate was added to the solution over15 minutes, and 20.0 mL of 2-propanol was further added thereto. Theobtained reaction solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours,and it was then left at rest in a refrigerator. The precipitated solidwas collected by filtration, and it was then washed with cold2-propanol. The resultant was dried under reduced pressure at roomtemperature, so as to obtain 22.3 g of a white solid (A-28). Yield:58.6%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 1.18 (6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 2.36 (1H, dd, J=8.0,16.0 Hz), 2.55 (1H, dd, J=6.0, 16.0 Hz), 3.61 (1H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 4.87(1H, sep, J=6.4, 6.4 Hz), 5.70-5.90 (1H, br), 7.00-7.18 (1H, br),7.20-7.35 (1H, br), 7.46 (1H, s)

Synthesis Example 47 Synthesis of (A-28)

9.43 g (60.0 mmol) of isopropyl-(E)-4-amino-4-oxo-2-butenoate wasdissolved in 28.3 mL of tetrahydrofuran, and the obtained solution wasthen heated in a water bath that was set at 42° C. 4.16 g (63.0 mmol) ofa 50% hydroxylamine aqueous solution was added dropwise to the solutionover 20 minutes, and the obtained reaction solution was then stirred at42° C. for 1 hour. Thereafter, 9.40 mL of water was added to thereaction solution, and tetrahydrofuran was then distilled away underreduced pressure. It was confirmed by ¹H-NMR that the raw materialdisappeared from the obtained solution and (A-28) was contained therein.

¹H-NMR (D₂O) δ value: 1.26 (6H, d, J=6.4 Hz), 2.68 (1H, dd, J=6.8, 16.4Hz), 2.77 (1H, dd, J=7.2, 16.0 Hz), 3.96 (1H, t, J=6.8 Hz), 5.01 (1H,sep, J=6.4, 6.4 Hz)

Synthesis Example 48 Synthesis of (A-30)

3.72 g (25.0 mmol) of a 39% glyoxal aqueous solution was dissolved in30.0 mL of 2-propanol. The internal temperature was set at 41° C. in ahot water bath. Thereafter, 2.38 g (12.5 mmol) of the (A-28) wasdissolved in 2.00 mL of water and 4.00 mL of 2-propanol, and theobtained solution was then added dropwise to the above-obtainedsolution. During this operation, together with the above-describedsolution, a 1 mol/L sodium carbonate aqueous solution was also addeddropwise thereto, so that the pH of the reaction solution could bemaintained at pH 8.9 to 9.1. The obtained reaction mixture was reactedat an internal temperature of 41° C. for 2 hours. The internaltemperature was decreased to 20° C., and acetic acid was added to thereaction product, so as to adjust the pH to be pH 6.0. The solvent wasdistilled away under reduced pressure, and a saturated saline was thenadded to the residue. The generated solid was collected by filtration,and it was then washed with a cold saturated saline, followed by drying,so as to obtain 2.89 g of a light brown solid (A-30). Yield: 62.3%(purity: 57.2%).

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 1.17 (6H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 3.66 (2H, s), 4.87(1H, sep, J=6.4, 6.4 Hz), 7.24 (1H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 7.53 (1H, d, J=5.6Hz), 12.00-12.50 (1H, br)

Synthesis Example 49 Synthesis of (A-30)

12.22 g (77.8 mmol) of isopropyl-(E)-4-amino-4-oxo-2-butenoate wasdissolved in 19.8 mL of THF, and the obtained solution was cooled to 15to 20° C. in a water bath. 5.14 g (77.8 mmol) of a 50% hydroxylamineaqueous solution was added dropwise to the solution over 1 minute, andthe obtained reaction solution was then stirred at 27 to 30° C. for 3hours. It was confirmed by ¹H-NMR that the raw material disappeared fromthe obtained solution and (A-28) was contained therein.

0.118 g of sodium bicarbonate was dissolved in 18.3 mL of water. 20.31 g(140.0 mmol) of a 40% glyoxal aqueous solution and the aforementionedTHF solution of the (A-28) were added dropwise thereto over 60 minutes.During this operation, together with the above-described solution, a 50%sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was also added dropwise thereto, sothat the pH of the reaction solution could be maintained at pH 8.2 to8.4 (three solutions were simultaneously added dropwise). The obtainedreaction mixture was reacted at an internal temperature of 50° C. for 1hour. During this operation, a 50% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution wasadded dropwise thereto, so that the pH of the reaction solution could bemaintained at pH 8.4. THF was distilled away under reduced pressure, and5.0 g of saline was then added to the residue. Concentrated hydrochloricacid is added at an internal temperature of 40 to 50° C. so as to adjustthe pH to be pH3.0. The solution was cooled to 5° C. over 1 hour, andfiltered. The solid on a mesh was washed twice with 10 mL of water of 5°C. or lower followed by drying, so as to obtain 10.80 g of a light brownsolid (A-30) (purity: 90%). Yield from A-28: 58.9%

Synthesis Example 50 Synthesis of (A-32)

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, 20.0 mL of isopropyl alcohol was added to4.60 g (21.7 mmol) of the (A-30), and while stirring, the obtainedmixture was cooled to 5° C. Further, 2.86 mL (40.3 mmol) of acetylchloride was added dropwise to the reaction solution, while keeping theinternal temperature at 10° C. or lower. The temperature of the reactionmixture was increased to 40° C., and 5.41 mL (40.3 mmol) of isoamylnitrite was then added dropwise thereto. After completion of thedropwise addition, the obtained mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 1.5hours, and it was then cooled to −10° C. The precipitated solid wasfiltrated, and it was then washed with 5.00 mL of toluene twice. Theresultant was dried, so as to obtain 4.59 g of a light yellow solid(A-32). Yield: 87.9%.

¹H-NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ value: 1.22 (6H, d, J=6.0 Hz), 5.01 (1H, sep, J=6.4Hz), 7.28 (1H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 7.65 (1H, d, J=5.6 Hz), 12.4 (1H, br), 13.0(1H, br)

Synthesis Example 51 Synthesis of (A-2)

Under a nitrogen atmosphere, while stirring a mixed solution of 25.0 g(0.104 mol) of the (A-32), 62.5 mL of N,N-dimethylformamide and 62.5 mLof toluene, the internal temperature was kept at 15° C. or lower, and47.3 mL (0.510 mol) of phosphorus oxychloride was added dropwise to themixed solution. After completion of the dropwise addition, thetemperature of the reaction solution was increased to 70° C., and thereaction solution was then stirred for 7 hours. Thereafter, the reactionsolution was cooled to room temperature, and then, the thus obtainedreaction mixture was slowly added dropwise to a mixed solution of 62.5mL of toluene and 300 mL of a 10% saline at an internal temperature of10° C. or lower. After completion of a liquid separation operation, theorganic layer was washed with 100 mL of a 10% saline twice, and thenwith 100 mL of a 10% sodium bicarbonate solution and with 100 mL of a10% saline. This organic layer was concentrated, and 7.50 mL ofisopropyl alcohol and 150 mL of hexane were then added to the residue.The precipitated solid was filtrated, and it was then washed twice with15.0 mL of a mixed solvent of isopropyl alcohol/hexane=5/95 (volumeratio), so as to obtain 12.6 g of a light pink solid (A-2) (purity:98.3%). Yield: 49.3%.

Synthesis Example 52 Synthesis of (A-13)

0.219 g (2.00 mmol) of tetramethylammonium chloride, 2.32 g (40.0 mmol)of potassium fluoride, 9.70 mL of dry dimethyl sulfoxide and 38.6 mL ofdry toluene were mixed. Thereafter, toluene was distilled away underreduced pressure at an external temperature of 120° C. After the mixturewas cooled to room temperature, 0.203 g (1.00 mmol) of2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene and 4.83 g (20.0 mmol) of the (A-2) were addedto the reaction solution, and the obtained mixture was then reacted atan internal temperature of 90° C. for 2 hours. After the mixture wascooled to room temperature, 0.180 mL of water was added to the reactionsolution, and the obtained mixture was then stirred for 2.5 hours.Thereafter, 0.180 mL of water was further added to the reactionsolution, and the obtained mixture was then stirred for 1 hour.Thereafter, 14.5 mL of toluene and 14.2 mL of water were added to thereaction solution, and the obtained mixture was stirred and was thenleft at rest, so as to remove an aqueous layer. Then, 14.5 mL of asaturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added to the organic layer,and the obtained mixture was stirred and was then left at rest, so as toremove an aqueous layer. As a result, a light yellow solution of (A-13)was obtained, and no black tar component was found. This solution wasdirectly used in the subsequent process.

Synthesis Example 53 Synthesis of Dicyclohexylamine Salt of T-705A

14.5 mL of water and 3.36 g (40.0 mmol) of sodium bicarbonate were addedto the solution of the (A-13) obtained in the above-described SynthesisExample 52, and the obtained mixture was then reacted at an externaltemperature of 100° C. for 4 hours. Thereafter, an organic layer wasremoved, and 3.43 mL (60.0 mmol) of acetic acid was then added to theaqueous layer. The obtained mixture was refluxed under reduced pressureat an external temperature of 70° C. at 100 mmHg for 1.5 hours. Themixture was cooled to room temperature, and thereafter, 5.00 mL ofwater, 9.60 L of acetone, and 3.30 mL of 28% ammonia water were added tothe reaction solution. Then, 3.78 mL (19.0 mmol) of dicyclohexylaminewas added dropwise to the mixed solution over 10 minutes, and theobtained mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.Thereafter, 9.60 mL of water was added to the reaction solution, theobtained mixture was then stirred at an internal temperature of 5° C.for 1 hour, and a solid was then filtrated. The solid on a Nutsche wassuccessively washed with 10.0 mL of water, a mixed solution of 5.00 mLof acetone and 5.00 mL of water, and 10.0 mL of acetone of 10° C. orlower. The resultant was dried, so as to obtain 5.37 g ofdicyclohexylamine salt of T-705A in the form of a light brown solid.Yield: 83.0%; and HPLC purity: 99.0%.

Synthesis Example 54 Synthesis of T-705

10.0 mL of toluene and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (prepared bydissolving 0.656 g of sodium hydroxide in 20.0 mL of water) were addedto 5.00 g (15.6 mmol) of dicyclohexylamine salt of T-705A, and theobtained mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes.The reaction solution was left at rest for 10 minutes, and an upperlayer was then removed. 10.0 mL of toluene was added to a lower layer,and it was then stirred and left at rest for 10 minutes. Thereafter, anupper layer was removed. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (preparedby dissolving 0.593 g of sodium hydroxide in 5.00 mL of water) was addedto a lower layer. Subsequently, while keeping the internal temperatureat 15 to 20° C., 2.68 mL (31.5 mmol) of 40.0% v/w hydrogen peroxide wasadded dropwise to the mixture. The obtained mixture was stirred at 25°C. for 30 minutes, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to pH 6.5 to8.0 by hydrochloric acid. Thereafter, the mixture was heated to 40° C.,so that the solid was completely dissolved in the solution. Thereafter,0.250 g of activated carbon (SHIRASAGI A) was added to the reactionsolution, and the obtained mixture was then stirred at 40° C. for 30minutes, followed by filtration. A solid on a Nutsche was washed with5.00 mL of water, and hydrochloric acid was then added to a mixedsolution of a filtrate and a washing solution at an internal temperatureof 35 to 45° C., so that the pH thereof was adjusted to pH 3 to 4. Themixed solution was cooled to 0 to 5° C., and it was then stirred for 1hour. Thereafter, the precipitated solid was filtrated, and it was thenwashed with 5.00 mL of water and 5.00 mL of isopropyl alcohol, so as toobtain 2.06 g of a white solid (T-705). Yield: 84.0%.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is useful for production of T-705 that is usefulfor the treatment such as prevention and therapy of influenza virusinfection, and the like.

1. A method for producing a pyrazinecarbonitrile derivative representedby the following formula (III):

wherein X has the same meanings as those described below, whichcomprises treating with a base a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazole derivativerepresented by the following formula (I):

wherein X represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a sulfamoyloxygroup, and Y represents —C(═O)R or —CN; where R represents a hydrogenatom, an alkoxy group an aryloxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl group oran amino group; wherein the sulfamoyloxy group, alkoxy group, aryloxygroup, alkyl group, aryl group and amino group may be optionallysubstituted.
 2. A method for producing a compound represented by thefollowing formula (IV):

wherein X has the same meanings as those described below, whichcomprises a step of treating with a base a pyrazino[2,3-d]isoxazolederivative represented by the following formula (I):

wherein X represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or a sulfamoyloxygroup, and Y represents —C(═O)R or —CN; where R represents a hydrogenatom, an alkoxy group an aryloxy group, an alkyl group, an aryl group oran amino group; wherein the sulfamoyloxy group, alkoxy group, aryloxygroup, alkyl group, aryl group and amino group may be optionallysubstituted, so as to produce a compound represented by the followingformula (III);

wherein X has the same meanings as describe above, and a step of addingwater to the compound represented by the formula (III).
 3. Theproduction method according to claim 1, wherein X represents a fluorineatom and Y represents —C(═O)R where R represents an optionallysubstituted alkoxy group.
 4. The production method according to claim 2,wherein X represents a fluorine atom and Y represents —C(═O)R where Rrepresents an optionally substituted alkoxy group.
 5. The productionmethod according to claim 1, wherein X represents a fluorine atom and Yrepresents —C(═O)R where R represents a methoxy group, an ethoxy group,an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, or an n-butoxy group.
 6. Theproduction method according to claim 2, wherein X represents a fluorineatom and Y represents —C(═O)R where R represents a methoxy group, anethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, or an n-butoxygroup.